CLOUD-COMPUTING ( New Era Of Computing )
Clearly, there is a need for a baseline definition and a discussion of the many aspects comprising cloud computing.I believes that a detailed characterization of cloud computing must include three things:
1. The consumption model. Cloud computing offers a unique way to consume compute, network, and storage resources.
2. The services model. Cloud computing can be used as a platform for different activities up and down the technology stack.
3. The deployment model. Cloud computing is not a one-size-fits-all platform.Rather, there are numerous ways to deploy and utilize clouds.
The Cloud Consumption Model
At the most fundamental level, cloud computing provides flexible real-‐time access to a shared pool of computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services). Indeed, one of the main attractions of cloud computing is its capability to provide on-‐demand IT resources and services offering rapid provision and de-provisioning as well as “pay by the drink” pricing.In its definition of cloud computing, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) describes cloud computing as having the following essential characteristics:
1. On-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities such as server time and network storage as needed. This can happen automatically, without human interaction, system administration, or service provider support.
2. Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
3. Resource pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources, but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.
4. Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and then rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
5. Measured service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. From an enterprise IT perspective, the overwhelming benefit with cloud computing is flexible on-demand access to IT resources without the usual purchasing, deployment and management overhead.Need storage resources for the next 2 weeks? With cloud computing, terabytes of storage can
be available instantly, with the swipe of a credit card.After the two week period, customers pay for time and capacity.
The Cloud Computing Services Model
Cloud-based IT resources can be consumed for various reasons in myriad ways. That said, the IT industry has really rallied around three standard cloud computing services models:
1. Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS). This is really the most basic cloud service model, aligning the on-demand resources of the cloud with tactical IT needs. In this way, IaaS is similar to managed services offerings of the Internet era (i.e., hosting services, storage service providers (SSPs), etc.). The primary difference is that cloud resources are virtual rather than physical and can be consumed on an as-needed basis. In other words, enterprise consumers pay for virtual machines (VMs), storage capacity, and network bandwidth for a variable
amount of time rather than servers, storage arrays, and switches/routers on a contractual basis.Typically, enterprises have no control over the underlying cloud technology. As described above, IaaS can be utilized as a temporary resource or used for years at a time. IaaS prices are based upon two factors: IaaS resource consumption and the duration of use.
2. Platform-as-a-service (PaaS). Simply stated, PaaS provides the capability to build or deploy applications on top of IaaS.Typically, a cloud computing provider offers multiple application components that align with specific development models and programming tools. For the most part, PaaS offerings are built upon either a Microsoft- ‐based stack (i.e., Windows, .NET, IIS, SQL Server, etc.) or an open source-based stack (i.e., the “LAMP” stack containing
Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP).
3. Software-as‐a-service (SaaS). In this model, an entire business or set of IT applications runs in the cloud.Enterprise consumers outsource the entire underlying technology infrastructure to a SaaS provider and thus have no responsibility or management oversight for SaaS-‐based IT components.Users typically access these applications over the Internet through a thin client interface such as a Web browser. SaaS examples include Gmail from Google, Microsoft “live” offerings, and salesforce.com. There is no hierarchy in these service offerings; rather, CIOs can choose any or all cloud service offerings that fit their needs.
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Just like the cloud services models, cloud computing can be deployed in a number of ways depending upon factors like security requirements, IT skills, and network access. The IT industry has outlined four cloud computing deployment models:
1. Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated within a single organization. In this case, internal groups such as business units consume resources and services provided by a single internal (i.e., the IT department) or external cloud computing provider.
2. Community cloud. A community cloud is a superset of a private cloud. The cloud supports the needs of several or an extended community of organizations.
Again, community clouds can be built and operated by members of the community or third-‐party providers.
3. Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure and services are available to the general public. Examples of public clouds include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, or Terremark Cloud Computing services.
4. Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure amalgamates private or community clouds with public clouds. In this case, private or community cloud services have the capability to extend or “burst” to consume public cloud resources.
Clearly, there is a need for a baseline definition and a discussion of the many aspects comprising cloud computing.I believes that a detailed characterization of cloud computing must include three things:
1. The consumption model. Cloud computing offers a unique way to consume compute, network, and storage resources.
2. The services model. Cloud computing can be used as a platform for different activities up and down the technology stack.
3. The deployment model. Cloud computing is not a one-size-fits-all platform.Rather, there are numerous ways to deploy and utilize clouds.
The Cloud Consumption Model
At the most fundamental level, cloud computing provides flexible real-‐time access to a shared pool of computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services). Indeed, one of the main attractions of cloud computing is its capability to provide on-‐demand IT resources and services offering rapid provision and de-provisioning as well as “pay by the drink” pricing.In its definition of cloud computing, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) describes cloud computing as having the following essential characteristics:
1. On-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities such as server time and network storage as needed. This can happen automatically, without human interaction, system administration, or service provider support.
2. Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
3. Resource pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources, but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.
4. Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and then rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
5. Measured service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. From an enterprise IT perspective, the overwhelming benefit with cloud computing is flexible on-demand access to IT resources without the usual purchasing, deployment and management overhead.Need storage resources for the next 2 weeks? With cloud computing, terabytes of storage can
be available instantly, with the swipe of a credit card.After the two week period, customers pay for time and capacity.
The Cloud Computing Services Model
Cloud-based IT resources can be consumed for various reasons in myriad ways. That said, the IT industry has really rallied around three standard cloud computing services models:
1. Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS). This is really the most basic cloud service model, aligning the on-demand resources of the cloud with tactical IT needs. In this way, IaaS is similar to managed services offerings of the Internet era (i.e., hosting services, storage service providers (SSPs), etc.). The primary difference is that cloud resources are virtual rather than physical and can be consumed on an as-needed basis. In other words, enterprise consumers pay for virtual machines (VMs), storage capacity, and network bandwidth for a variable
amount of time rather than servers, storage arrays, and switches/routers on a contractual basis.Typically, enterprises have no control over the underlying cloud technology. As described above, IaaS can be utilized as a temporary resource or used for years at a time. IaaS prices are based upon two factors: IaaS resource consumption and the duration of use.
2. Platform-as-a-service (PaaS). Simply stated, PaaS provides the capability to build or deploy applications on top of IaaS.Typically, a cloud computing provider offers multiple application components that align with specific development models and programming tools. For the most part, PaaS offerings are built upon either a Microsoft- ‐based stack (i.e., Windows, .NET, IIS, SQL Server, etc.) or an open source-based stack (i.e., the “LAMP” stack containing
Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP).
3. Software-as‐a-service (SaaS). In this model, an entire business or set of IT applications runs in the cloud.Enterprise consumers outsource the entire underlying technology infrastructure to a SaaS provider and thus have no responsibility or management oversight for SaaS-‐based IT components.Users typically access these applications over the Internet through a thin client interface such as a Web browser. SaaS examples include Gmail from Google, Microsoft “live” offerings, and salesforce.com. There is no hierarchy in these service offerings; rather, CIOs can choose any or all cloud service offerings that fit their needs.
Cloud Computing Deployment Models
Just like the cloud services models, cloud computing can be deployed in a number of ways depending upon factors like security requirements, IT skills, and network access. The IT industry has outlined four cloud computing deployment models:
1. Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated within a single organization. In this case, internal groups such as business units consume resources and services provided by a single internal (i.e., the IT department) or external cloud computing provider.
2. Community cloud. A community cloud is a superset of a private cloud. The cloud supports the needs of several or an extended community of organizations.
Again, community clouds can be built and operated by members of the community or third-‐party providers.
3. Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure and services are available to the general public. Examples of public clouds include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, or Terremark Cloud Computing services.
4. Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure amalgamates private or community clouds with public clouds. In this case, private or community cloud services have the capability to extend or “burst” to consume public cloud resources.
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